`Magnafluxing' is a crack testing procedure used on stressed steel components like cranks and conrods. I used to check my cranks etc at the NSW Railways when I worked there long ago...
A DC electromagnetic field is generated and the crank is put across the magnetic circuit. A mixture of `iron filings and kerosene' is poured over it. Any cracks (even sub-surface) will make the filings stand on end.
`Dyecheck' is a process of crack detection using a red dye. Surface is cleaned, dye is sprayed on and left a while, then cleaned off and sprayed with a white spray. Any surface cracks show as red lines in the white dusty surface. ONLY shows surface defects.
`Nitriding' is a gas hardening process applied to surface harden steel after machining is complete. It only works with some steels (like EN40B), the hardness is surface only, about .010" deep.
`Tufftriding' is a similar hardening process applied to cranks made from lesser steels, eg EN16.
Some engine builders frown on nitriding/tufftriding a bit as they think it warps the crank...
`Shot peening' is a controlled process of blasting the surface of conrods etc with smooth steel shot- this puts the surface layers of the the steel in compression and thereby improves fatigue resistance.
Original nitrided `EN40B' S cranks are nice but are 30+ years old now. Many of the racers are running the big pin 1100S cranks, some have been destroked a bit to be 1300cc with a 73mm bore using S rods.
For the street many stroke them out to get more cubes. Ain't no substitute for 'em...
Billet cranks are machined from a solid steel bar rather than forged.
Billet, or forged EN40B cranks are both available new, if you got the dosh.
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DrMini- 1970 wasaMatic 1360, Mk1S crank, 86.6HP (ATW) =~125 @ crank, 45 Dellorto (38 chokes), RE282 sprint cam, 1.5 rockers, 11.0:1 C/R.