The purpose of the resin apart from providing finish etc is to hold the reinforcing (glass/carbon/kevlar) in the correct position to provide stiffness and strength. It also protects the reinforcing and provides compressive strength.
Too little resin and the fibres aren't supported and are not able to develop strength. Too much and you have a heavy part that probably wont perform as well. Also the reinforcing may be allowed to move out of its ideal location. In the thicknesses we talk about for panels it is more about weight than anything else if there is too much resin as the resin setting is a chemical reaction. It has to be thick to be a problem with the temperature of the set affecting how straight it cures etc, building in strength issues due to deformation.
If you are getting any sort of epoxy not setting correctly, it is potentially because of a number of things including poor mixing (most common), old chemicals, bad weather etc.
I'm no expert and someone will probably pick a couple of errors but there you go.
